Calicivirus in Cats: Common Signs and Treatments

As a cat owner, understanding the health challenges your pet may face is essential to providing them with the best care. One such condition that can affect cats is calicivirus, a highly contagious viral infection that can cause a range of symptoms. Whether your cat is showing signs of illness or you’re seeking information on how to prevent the virus, it’s important to know what calicivirus is, its signs, and how it can be treated. Read on to discover more about this common feline illness, how to spot the signs early, and what you can do if your cat is affected.

 

 

What is Calicivirus in Cats?

Calicivirus in cats is a viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system, although it can also lead to oral lesions, joint inflammation, and other symptoms. It’s part of a group of viruses known as the Feline Calicivirus (FCV) family, and it’s commonly found in shelter environments or places where many cats are housed together. The virus is easily transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected animals, and contaminated objects or surfaces.

Although calicivirus can sometimes resolve on its own, it can lead to complications, particularly in young kittens, older cats, and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination can help protect cats against the virus, but the virus still remains a concern, especially for cats in high-risk environments.

Common Signs of Calicivirus in Cats

If your cat is affected by calicivirus, it will likely show a variety of symptoms. While some cats experience mild signs, others can suffer from more severe complications. Understanding the common signs of calicivirus can help you detect the infection early and seek treatment promptly.

Respiratory Symptoms

One of the most common symptoms of calicivirus in cats is respiratory distress. The virus attacks the upper respiratory system, which can lead to symptoms similar to the common cold in humans. These symptoms may include:

• Sneezing: Frequent sneezing is one of the earliest signs of calicivirus. Your cat may sneeze multiple times in quick succession.
• Runny Nose: Cats with calicivirus often develop nasal discharge, which may be clear, cloudy, or greenish.
• Coughing: Coughing can also accompany sneezing, as the virus irritates the respiratory tract.
• Congestion: Your cat may exhibit signs of nasal congestion, such as breathing with their mouth open or difficulty breathing through the nose.

Oral Lesions and Ulcers

In addition to respiratory symptoms, calicivirus often causes painful sores or ulcers in the mouth. These oral lesions can lead to:

• Excessive Drooling: Due to painful mouth ulcers, your cat may drool excessively.
• Difficulty Eating or Drinking: Oral lesions can make it painful for your cat to eat or drink, leading to a decreased appetite.
• Fever: A fever often accompanies the virus, causing your cat to appear lethargic or weak.

Joint Pain and Lameness

In some cases, calicivirus can cause inflammation in the joints, leading to limping or difficulty walking, as well as swollen joints that are tender to the touch.

Severe Cases: Pneumonia and Systemic Infection

Although most cats recover with appropriate care, calicivirus can lead to more severe complications in some cases. If the virus progresses, it can cause pneumonia or a systemic infection, which may result in:

• Breathing Difficulties
• Loss of Appetite
• Severe Lethargy

How is Calicivirus in Cats Diagnosed?

If you suspect that your cat has calicivirus, it’s essential to consult your veterinarian for a diagnosis. Your veterinarian will likely start by reviewing your cat’s symptoms and conducting a physical examination. They may also:

• Perform Laboratory Tests: Blood tests and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests can help identify the presence of the virus.
• Test for Secondary Infections: In some cases, secondary bacterial infections may occur, so your veterinarian may also test for these.

Your veterinarian will use the results of these tests, combined with your cat’s clinical signs, to determine if calicivirus is the cause of the illness.

Treatment for Calicivirus in Cats

Currently, there is no specific cure for calicivirus in cats. However, treatment focuses on supporting your cat’s immune system and alleviating symptoms. Depending on the severity of the infection, treatment may include:

Supportive Care

Supportive care is essential for helping your cat recover such as:

• Fluids: If your cat is not drinking enough, your veterinarian may administer fluids to prevent dehydration.
• Nutritional Support: Offering soft or wet food may help your cat eat more easily if they have oral lesions or mouth pain.
• Rest: Ensuring your cat gets plenty of rest is important for recovery.

Pain Management

If your cat is experiencing pain from mouth ulcers or joint inflammation, your veterinarian may prescribe pain medications to help manage discomfort. These medications are carefully selected to ensure they are safe for cats.

Antibiotics for Secondary Infections

While calicivirus itself is a viral infection, it can make your cat more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections. In such cases, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to treat any bacterial infections that may have developed.

Antiviral Medication

In severe cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to help manage the virus, although they are not always effective in every case.

Hospitalization

For cats with severe respiratory distress or complications such as pneumonia, hospitalization may be required for intensive care. This could include supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, and constant monitoring.

Preventing Calicivirus in Cats

The best way to protect your cat from calicivirus is through vaccination. Vaccines for calicivirus are commonly included in the core vaccines given to kittens and adult cats. Regular vaccinations help reduce the risk of infection, but it is still important to keep your cat’s environment clean and avoid exposure to sick animals.

Vaccination Schedule

Your veterinarian will recommend a vaccination schedule for your cat, which typically includes:

• Initial Vaccination: Kittens receive their first calicivirus vaccine at 6-8 weeks old, with booster shots given every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old.
• Adult Boosters: After the initial kitten vaccinations, adult cats should receive booster shots every 1-3 years, depending on the vaccine used and your cat’s lifestyle.

Hygiene and Environmental Management

In addition to vaccination, maintaining good hygiene in your cat’s environment is essential. This includes:

• Regular Cleaning: Disinfecting your cat’s living space, including bedding and food dishes, can help reduce the spread of the virus.
• Avoiding Exposure: If your cat interacts with other cats in a shelter or boarding facility, ensure that those animals are vaccinated and healthy.

How Midtown Veterinary Practice Can Help

If you suspect your cat is showing symptoms of calicivirus, it’s important to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Our team at Midtown Veterinary Practice in Huntsville, AL, is here to help diagnose and treat your cat with the best care possible. If your cat is experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, or if you have any concerns about their health, give us a call at (256) 883-4148 or request an appointment online. Our compassionate team is dedicated to providing quality care for your feline companion. By staying informed about calicivirus in cats and taking proactive steps, you can help ensure your cat remains healthy and happy.